The American Patriot’s Almanac

Flag Day

From The American Patriot’s Almanac:

“On June 14, 1777, during the Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress in Philadelphia adopted the Stars and Stripes as the official national flag.

‘Resolved, that the Flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the Union be thirteen stars, white on a blue field, representing a new constellation.’

Congress gave no further instruction as to exactly what the flag should look like, such as its dimensions or how the stars should be arranged. Consequently, early U.S. flags did not all look alike. Some flags had stars with six points, others with eight. Some flag makers sewed the stars in rows on the blue field, others in a circle or scattered without an organized pattern.

The first official, widespread observance of the flag’s birthday came on June 14, 1877, when the flag was one hundred years old. Over the next several years, many schools, veterans groups, and patriotic societies turned the day into a yearly celebration. Mayors and governors began to issue proclamations calling for parades and patriotic events on June 14.

In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson established Flag Day as an annual national celebration. In 1949 Congress and President Truman officially made June 14 a permanent yearly observance.

D-Day

Maybe it’s just because I went to the funeral of a WWII vet last week, but D-Day has been heavy on mind today. It seems as though people don’t really remember D-Day anymore. Yes, it’s been a long time, but it was a major event of World War II, and without it, the War could have had a very different ending.

From The American Patriot’s Almanac:

“Dwight D. Eisenhower once described the Allied forces assembled in Britain for the D-Day invasion of northern France as ‘a great human spring, coiled for the moment when its energy would be released and it would vault the English Channel in the greatest amphibious assault ever attempted.’

In the early hours of June 6, 1944, that tense, coiled spring was finally released as the Allied Fleet reached Normandy. Hundreds of planes dropped paratroopers behind German lines to capture bridges and railroad tracks. At dawn huge battleship guns began blasting away at German coastal fortifications. Amphibious craft landed on five beaches, and thousands of America, British, Canadian, and French troops fought their way ashore.

U.S. forces landing at Omaha Beach struggled with high seas, fog, mines, and enemy fire that poured down from high bluffs. Many soldiers were shot getting off their boats and died in the surf. Those who reached the sand met a wall of bullets. One commander told his men that only two types of people would stay on the beach–those dead and those going to die–so they’d better push forward. In some units on Omaha, 90 percent of the troops were killed or wounded. But the assault force managed to cross the beach and drive the Germans inland.

At Utah Beach, the other U.S. landing zone, the first wave of troops found themselves 2,000 yards south of where they were supposed to be. It was a lucky miss since the area was not as heavily defended as the original target. Quick-thinking commanders ordered troops to follow the first wave ashore to secure a beachhead.

Before D-Day was over, 155,000 Allied troops were ashore. Months of hard fighting lay ahead. But the Allies had at last established a toehold in northern Europe.”